Scientists have not yet understood the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. It is understood that there is a genetic component that causes the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease and a complex series of changes in the brain that occurred over time causes the late onset of Alzheimer’s disease. The increased or decreased risk of developing Alzheimer’s differs from person to person. The causes of Alzheimer’s include genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Alzheimer’s disease affects older adults and the causes are still being researched. Studies show that the related changes in the brain could harm the neurons, which contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Age-related changes such as inflammation of the brain, production of unstable molecules (free radicals), and mitochondrial dysfunction (the breaking down of energy that is produced within a cell) cause Alzheimer’s.

Genetics
Among most patients, the onset of Alzheimer’s around their mid-60’s is generally considered late. The gene, apolipoprotein E is what causes the late onset. One form of the gene is responsible for the early or late onset of Alzheimer’s. This however does not imply that Alzheimer’s disease will definitely develop even if the person is carrying the gene. The reverse also can be possible that people who do not carry the gene may also develop Alzheimer’s. A total of 10% of people with Alzheimer’s between the ages of 30 to mid 60 develop early-onset Alzheimer’s. This type of Alzheimer’s can be caused by changes in any one of the three genes that has been inherited. Researchers suggest that a genetic component related to factors other than the three genes could also be a cause of early onset Alzheimer’s. In some people, Down syndrome could also cause Alzheimer’s. An extra copy of chromosome 21 (causing Down syndrome), which is a gene that generates harmful amyloid, can trigger Alzheimer’s.

Disease
Other than genetics, a host of factors play a role in the cause and development of Alzheimer’s disease. Research shows that there is a relationship between cognitive decline and vascular condition. Heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, a metabolic condition such as obesity and diabetes are conditions that aid in developing Alzheimer’s. By reducing risk factors for these conditions, you could also reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s.

Lack of nutritious diet, regular physical activity, mentally stimulating pursuits, and other social engagements can cause cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s.

Other risk factors

• Vascular diseases – There is strong evidence that there is a link between brain health and heart health. The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels to the brain, which is nourished by one of the body’s richest networks of blood vessels. When there is damage to the heart and blood vessels, there is an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s (vascular dementia). This condition is caused by heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and high cholesterol.
• Head injury – Traumatic pain injuries also pose a risk of developing Alzheimer’s.
• While risk factors such as genetics, family history, and age cannot be altered, other factors such as general lifestyle, wellness choices, and effective management of health condition can considerably reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.